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Extensions and reliability

# Provably Secure Disambiguating Neural Linguistic Steganography

Yuang Qi, Kejiang Chen, Kai Zeng, Weiming Zhang, Nenghai Yu

First arXiv submission: March 26, 2024 · IEEE TDSC 2025 (preprint 2024)

Published version: May 2025. The publication and preprint records below retain their own dates and identifiers.

Introduces SyncPool to resolve subword segmentation ambiguity while preserving the model's token distribution. It groups prefix-related tokens and uses synchronized pseudorandom sampling so a receiver can recover token choices from detokenized text.

[Read paper ↗](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10804596) · [PDF ↗](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.17524) · [Code ↗](https://github.com/7-yaya/SyncPool)

## Relationship to Neural Linguistic Steganography

Cites Neural Linguistic Steganography within neural generation-based methods and addresses a shared implementation issue for modern token-based steganography; it is not presented here as a direct arithmetic-coder replacement.

## Scope and limitations

Grouping ambiguous tokens sacrifices some usable entropy and reduces embedding rate; the paper explicitly analyzes this reliability–capacity trade-off.

## Cite this paper

### Published version

Yuang Qi, Kejiang Chen, Kai Zeng, Weiming Zhang, Nenghai Yu. [Provably Secure Disambiguating Neural Linguistic Steganography](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10804596). IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 2025

[Published version BibTeX](https://steganography.live/reading-list/papers/syncpool/publication.bib) · [Published version CSL-JSON](https://steganography.live/reading-list/papers/syncpool/publication.csl.json)
Show BibTeX`@article{syncpool-publication,
  title = {{Provably Secure Disambiguating Neural Linguistic Steganography}},
  author = {Qi, Yuang and Chen, Kejiang and Zeng, Kai and Zhang, Weiming and Yu, Nenghai},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing},
  doi = {10.1109/TDSC.2024.3519322},
  pages = {2430--2442},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10804596}
}
`

### arXiv preprint

Yuang Qi, Kejiang Chen, Kai Zeng, Weiming Zhang, Nenghai Yu. [Provably Secure Disambiguating Neural Linguistic Steganography](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17524v1). arXiv:2403.17524. First submission: March 26, 2024.

This citation records the first arXiv version and its original title. The version-specific link distinguishes it from later revisions; cite the version supporting your claim.

[arXiv preprint BibTeX](https://steganography.live/reading-list/papers/syncpool/preprint.bib) · [arXiv preprint CSL-JSON](https://steganography.live/reading-list/papers/syncpool/preprint.csl.json)
Show BibTeX`@misc{syncpool-preprint,
  title = {{Provably Secure Disambiguating Neural Linguistic Steganography}},
  author = {Qi, Yuang and Chen, Kejiang and Zeng, Kai and Zhang, Weiming and Yu, Nenghai},
  year = {2024},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2403.17524v1},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17524v1}
}
`

## Primary sources

- [Full authors, March 26 2024 first submission; December 2024 version says accepted at TDSC.](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17524)

- [Publisher-deposited journal title, full authors, May 2025 volume 22 issue 3, pages and DOI.](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3519322)

- [Sections III and IV give construction/evaluations; section V explicitly states embedding-rate loss; introduction links official SyncPool code; reference 4 is NLS.](https://arxiv.org/html/2403.17524v2)

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These notes are an editorial reading aid. Consult the primary sources for the authors’ claims, assumptions, and experiments.